People with obesity but normal blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels still had more than four times greater odds of developing type 2 diabetes, compared with those without obesity, according to a study in Diabetologia. The findings, based on data from 381,363 adults, also revealed that those with metabolically healthy obesity had an 18% greater risk for heart attack or stroke, 76% higher risk for heart failure, 28% higher risk of respiratory diseases and 19% greater risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.

A study of 6,910 adults published in JAMA Network Open found that bariatric surgery was linked with lower rates of all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity. The findings also showed that bariatric surgery was linked with lower rates of diabetes-related cardiovascular and renal events, cardiac-related mortality and cancer-related mortality.

A study published in the journal Clinical Nutrition found that consumption of 200g of sardines a week for 12 months was associated with an increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin, as well as a decrease in triglycerides, blood pressure and Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance -- and therefore a lower risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events -- among older adults with prediabetes. This is due to the high amounts of omega-3, vitamin D, taurine, fluorine and fatty acids like EPA and DHA in sardines.

A study in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation found that adults with type 2 diabetes and hypertension had decreases in blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, arterial blood pressure and body fat after participating in two hours of swimming exercise three times weekly for 16 weeks, compared with a control group who did not exercise. The findings, based on data from 40 adults, suggest swimming can be a "useful therapeutic tool" for these patients, researchers said.

Treatment with endothelin receptor antagonists atrasentan and avosentan -- but not bosentan -- led to greater reductions in albuminuria, systolic blood pressure and lipid profiles, as well as lower odds of composite renal endpoints, compared with treatment with placebo, in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease comorbidities. The findings in Diabetic Medicine were based on data from 7 studies that included 4,730 patients.