A study finds that the open-cell piling design for the Port of Anchorage expansion project in Alaska is "inappropriate." Rather than use traditional dock piling, the design used "interlocking sheets of steel ... hammered into the sea floor to form U-shaped cells that are then backfilled with dirt and gravel." The U.S. Maritime Administration said "three of the four port expansion project berths would not meet industry design standards during earthquake-related dynamic pressures."